Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2025
10:10
Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans
Published on: February 16, 2017
21.9K
miR-195b is required for proper cellular homeostasis in the elderly
Maria Del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo1, Carlos Garcia-Padilla1,2, Cristina Vicente-Garcia3
1Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
Scientific Reports
|January 8, 2024
Summary
MicroRNA-195b (miR-195b) is not essential for early life but is crucial for maintaining cellular health in aging. Gene editing in mice revealed its role in preventing age-related tissue dysfunction.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Aging Research
Background:
- Non-coding RNAs regulate vital biological processes, and their dysregulation causes disease.
- The miR-15/miR-16/miR-195 family is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism.
- The specific function of miR-195b remains largely unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the functional role of miR-195b.
- To determine if miR-195b is essential for embryonic development and adult homeostasis.
Main Methods:
- Generated CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited miR-195b deficient mice (miR-195b-/-).
- Assessed embryonic development, fertility, and gross anatomy.
- Analyzed cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and oxidative stress markers in aged mice.
Main Results:
- miR-195b deficiency did not affect embryonic development or fertility.
- Aged miR-195b-/- mice exhibited impaired cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and oxidative stress in heart, liver, and lungs.
- These deficits were not apparent in midlife mice, suggesting age-specific roles.
Conclusions:
- miR-195b is dispensable for embryonic development and adulthood.
- miR-195b plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the elderly.
- Compensatory mechanisms involving other miR-15/miR-16/miR-195 family members may mask early-life deficits.
Related Concept Videos
01:37Mitochondria
12.7K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
12.7K
01:26Aging
52
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
52
01:22PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
3.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a...
3.6K
01:17Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway
5.4K
Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
5.4K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
3.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.8K
01:22MicroRNAs
3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K