Garcinia macrophylla: a Promising Underutilized Source of Bioactive Compounds in the Amazonia - A Review

Area of Science:

• Ethnobotany
• Pharmacognosy
• Medicinal Plants

Background:

• Amazonia harbors many underutilized native species with limited documented chemical and biological properties.
• Garcinia macrophylla is an underutilized Amazonian plant with potential for bioactive compounds.
• Previous research focused on stem bark and leaves, neglecting the edible fruit.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing literature on the general aspects, chemical profile, and biological properties of Garcinia macrophylla.
• To highlight knowledge gaps regarding the bioactive compounds and properties of G. macrophylla fruits.
• To emphasize the importance of systematic research on Amazonian plants for sustainable development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific databases.
• Compilation of data on chemical constituents and reported biological activities.
• Analysis of existing research gaps.

Main Results:

• Garcinia macrophylla exhibits antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic properties, primarily studied in stem bark and leaves.
• Information on the chemical composition and biological activities of G. macrophylla fruits is scarce.
• The review consolidates available data, identifying areas for future investigation.

Conclusions:

• Garcinia macrophylla is a promising source of bioactive compounds.
• Robust in vitro and in vivo research is required to elucidate the phytochemical profiles and biological properties of G. macrophylla, particularly its fruits.
• Systematic investigation of Amazonian flora is crucial for sustainable resource development.