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Related Concept Videos

Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
Components of...
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance
13:00

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

SARS-CoV-2 spike glycosylation affects function and neutralization sensitivity.

Fengwen Zhang1, Fabian Schmidt1, Frauke Muecksch1

  • 1Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.

Mbio
|January 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins is crucial for virus function and immune evasion. Removing specific glycans impacts infectivity and antibody neutralization, but some antibodies developed post-vaccination overcome these effects.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2antibody functionglycosylationneutralization

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Viral envelope protein glycosylation significantly influences virus biology and immune system evasion.
  • The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) glycoprotein possesses numerous N-linked and O-linked glycosylation sites.
  • Understanding the role of these glycosylation sites is critical for developing effective antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of individual glycosylation sites on SARS-CoV-2 S protein function.
  • To assess how glycosylation affects sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies, both monoclonal and polyclonal.
  • To elucidate the role of specific glycans, such as N343, in viral immune evasion and antibody response.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pseudotyped virus infection assays to evaluate the function of SARS-CoV-2 S protein mutants.
  • Assessed the sensitivity of glycosylation mutants to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies and plasma from COVID-19 convalescent individuals.
  • Analyzed the effect of N343 glycan presence on neutralization by antibodies from convalescent individuals and vaccinated subjects.

Main Results:

  • Ablation of most individual glycosylation sites reduced pseudotyped virus infectivity, often linked to decreased S protein trafficking and cell surface expression.
  • The N343 glycan in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) exhibited varied effects on neutralization by different monoclonal antibodies.
  • The N343 glycan decreased sensitivity to polyclonal antibodies from convalescent individuals, indicating a role in immune evasion, but neutralizing activity from vaccination remained largely unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • Glycans on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are essential for its proper trafficking, cell surface display, and incorporation into virions.
  • Specific glycosylation sites, like N343, modulate the interaction with neutralizing antibodies, influencing viral immune evasion.
  • While SARS-CoV-2 glycosylation aids immune evasion against convalescent plasma, vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies demonstrate resilience to these glycan-mediated effects.