Mycorrhization in trees: ecology, physiology, emerging technologies and beyond.

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Plant Science
• Forestry

Background:

• Mycorrhization, a symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, has been vital for plant evolution and survival.
• While extensively studied in crops, its significance in trees, particularly in forest ecosystems, warrants deeper investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the ecological and physiological importance of mycorrhization in trees.
• To explore how emerging technologies can leverage mycorrhizal associations for tree growth and forest health.
• To highlight the potential of mycorrhization as a non-GMO strategy for enhancing tree resilience and development.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing scientific literature on mycorrhization in trees.
• Discussion of recent technological advancements (metagenomics, AI, drones) applicable to mycorrhizal studies.
• Synthesis of evidence on the ecological roles and physiological benefits of mycorrhizal fungi in tree communities.

Main Results:

• Mycorrhization significantly improves nutritional efficiency, growth, and survival in trees.
• Complex interactions, including dual and triple symbiosis (trees, fungi, bacteria), are crucial for tree survival and adaptation.
• Mycorrhizal networks facilitate inter-tree communication and enhance tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses.

Conclusions:

• Mycorrhizal communities profoundly influence tree adaptation and resilience.
• Harnessing mycorrhizal associations presents a sustainable, non-GMO method for promoting tree growth in nurseries and enhancing field survival.
• Future research integrating advanced technologies like drone-based hyperspectral imaging can optimize mycorrhizal applications for targeted forest management.