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    Quantum optical coherence tomography (Q-OCT) uses entangled photons for enhanced resolution. Classical light pulses, even at the single-photon level, offer limited benefits compared to Q-OCT, lacking key quantum interference advantages.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Optical metrology

    Background:

    • Classical optical coherence tomography (OCT) has limitations in axial resolution and dispersion immunity.
    • Quantum optical coherence tomography (Q-OCT) leverages quantum interference for improved performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the feasibility of using classical light pulses at the single-photon level in a spectral approach for Q-OCT.
    • To compare the performance and characteristics of classical light pulses against entangled photons in a Q-OCT setup.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of spectral measurements using classical light pulses.
    • Experimental validation of the theoretical model.
    • Comparison of joint spectrum characteristics between entangled photons and classical light pulses.

    Main Results:

    • Classical light pulses, even at the single-photon level, do not fully replicate the advantages of entangled photons in Q-OCT.
    • The joint spectrum of classical pulses lacks the 'advantage-bringing term' crucial for Q-OCT's benefits.
    • Experimental results validate the theoretical findings, showing limited gains with classical light.

    Conclusions:

    • While classical light is easier to implement, it provides marginal benefits over entangled photon-based Q-OCT.
    • The quantum interference of entangled photons is essential for achieving the full potential of Q-OCT.
    • Further research may be needed to enhance classical light approaches for Q-OCT applications.