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Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
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Non-Faradaic optoelectrodes for safe electrical neuromodulation.

Jian Chen1, Yanyan Liu1,2, Feixiang Chen1

  • 1Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Nature Communications
|January 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel nanoscale optoelectrodes using zinc porphyrin and TiO2 for precise optical neuromodulation. These injectable devices efficiently stimulate neurons, showing potential for treating neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Optogenetics requires efficient light-to-charge conversion for neuronal stimulation.
  • Existing methods face challenges in charge injection density and storage capacity.
  • Nanoscale optoelectrodes offer potential for high-resolution optical control of neural activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate novel nanoscale optoelectrodes for efficient optical neuromodulation.
  • To investigate the self-assembly of zinc porphyrin into nanorods for enhanced optoelectronic properties.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of these optoelectrodes in modulating neuronal firing and alleviating disease symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of zinc porphyrin into nanorods coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2).
  • Characterization of J-aggregated zinc porphyrin arrays for exciton diffusion and electron transfer.
  • In vivo testing in mice, including cranial irradiation of the motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus stimulation.
  • Assessment of neuronal firing modulation and behavioral improvements in a Parkinson's disease model.

Main Results:

  • J-aggregated zinc porphyrin nanorods coated with TiO2 demonstrated efficient electron transfer.
  • Far-field laser stimulation modulated neuronal activity and motor responses in mice.
  • Pulsed photoelectrical stimulation alleviated parkinsonian symptoms, improving motor function and dopaminergic neuron activity.
  • The developed optoelectrodes achieved high efficiency with minimal side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Injectable nanoscale optoelectrodes based on zinc porphyrin and TiO2 offer a promising platform for high-efficiency optical neuromodulation.
  • This technology enables precise control over neuronal activity for potential therapeutic applications.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced neural interfaces with minimal invasiveness.