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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA
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The Case for a Defect Genome Initiative.

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|January 10, 2024
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Summary

A new Defect Genome Initiative (DGI) is proposed to accelerate the discovery of functional materials defects, which offer unique properties beyond perfect solids. This initiative aims to unlock new applications in energy and quantum information.

Keywords:
Materials Genome Initiativedefectsenergymachine learningquantum information science

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) has advanced materials discovery, primarily focusing on perfect crystalline solids.
  • Functional properties of many materials are critically driven by defects, such as impurities and perturbations.
  • Defects host unique charge, spin, and bonding states inaccessible in perfect crystals, analogous to elements beyond the periodic table.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a Defect Genome Initiative (DGI) for accelerating the discovery and design of functional defects.
  • To highlight MGI achievements and delineate pathways for DGI.
  • To identify near-term goals for DGI in energy, quantum information, and other applications.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing advances in the Materials Genome Initiative (MGI).
  • Proposing pathways for defect discovery and design.
  • Discussing open defect platforms, data-driven design, fabrication, and characterization.
  • Reviewing advances in controlled atomic-scale defect introduction.

Main Results:

  • Defects are proposed as a new class of "elements" beyond the periodic table for materials discovery.
  • A framework for accelerating functional defect discovery is outlined.
  • Challenges and opportunities in defect engineering are considered.

Conclusions:

  • The Defect Genome Initiative (DGI) is crucial for unlocking unique material functionalities.
  • Community-wide engagement is needed to establish DGI.
  • Defect-driven properties are key for future energy and quantum technologies.