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Related Concept Videos

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
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Ventricular mural thrombi - An occult occurrence?

P Vaideeswar1, M Srikant1

  • 1Department of Pathology (Cardiovascular and Thoracic Division), Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

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Ventricular mural thrombi, often linked to heart attacks, can also occur without heart disease. Many cases are detected microscopically, highlighting the need to consider them in thromboembolism evaluations.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Ventricular mural thrombi are uncommon but significant mechanical complications of myocardial infarction.
  • These thrombi can also arise in non-ischemic heart conditions or in individuals without cardiac disease.
  • Clinical detection of ventricular mural thrombi is often challenging and size-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiopathogenesis of ventricular mural thrombi.
  • To establish a clinicopathologic correlation for these thrombi.
  • To categorize thrombi based on underlying causes.

Main Methods:

  • A 12-year retrospective observational autopsy study.
  • Analysis of 93 cases with ventricular mural thrombi.
  • Categorization into ischemic, non-ischemic myocardial, and non-myocardial groups.

Main Results:

  • Ischemic heart disease was the most frequent cause (46.2%).
  • Non-ischemic and non-myocardial causes accounted for 53.8% of cases.
  • Microscopic detection was common, especially in non-ischemic groups with biventricular involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Ventricular thrombi can occur in diverse clinical settings, including absence of cardiac disorders.
  • Systemic or pulmonary thromboembolism warrants investigation for ventricular thrombi.
  • Rethinking diagnostic approaches for ventricular mural thrombi is crucial.