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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

592
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
592
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

118.5K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
118.5K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.7K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
14.7K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

58.3K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
58.3K
Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character02:48

Bond Polarity, Dipole Moment, and Percent Ionic Character

28.9K
Bond Polarity
28.9K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

41.6K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.6K

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Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
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Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

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Moderated ionic bonding for water-free recyclable polyelectrolyte complex materials.

Sophie G M van Lange1, Diane W Te Brake1, Giuseppe Portale2

  • 1Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands.

Science Advances
|January 10, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel "compleximers," processable polymer materials with tunable ionic bonds. These materials overcome the water dependency of traditional polyelectrolyte complexes, offering enhanced durability and recyclability.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Nature utilizes electrostatic bonding for material assembly, but synthetic ionic polymers often require water to prevent brittleness and processing difficulties.
  • High-density ionic cross-linking in synthetic polyelectrolyte complexes leads to strong Coulombic forces upon dehydration, rendering them brittle and non-thermoplastic.
  • Existing synthetic ionic materials face challenges in processability and stability outside aqueous environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel class of synthetic polymer materials with tunable electrostatic interactions.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional polyelectrolyte complexes, particularly their water dependency and processing challenges.
  • To create processable, durable, and recyclable materials based solely on ionic bonding.

Main Methods:

  • Covalently grafting attenuator spacers to charge-carrying moieties within apolar polymeric solids.
  • Synthesizing and characterizing these modified polymers, termed "compleximers."
  • Evaluating the processability, solvent resistance, and recyclability of the new materials.

Main Results:

  • Introduced "compleximers," a new class of polyelectrolyte materials with intrinsically moderated electrostatic bond strengths.
  • Achieved 100% charge density in materials that are processable and malleable without water.
  • Demonstrated high solvent and water resistance, alongside full recyclability.
  • Successfully combined thermoplastic and thermoset properties using tailored ionic bonding.

Conclusions:

  • The covalent grafting strategy effectively moderates ionic bond strengths in polymeric solids.
  • Compleximers offer a versatile platform for creating advanced materials with tunable properties.
  • This approach enables the development of water-free, processable, and recyclable ionic polymer materials.