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COVID and the Kidney: An Update

Samira Bell1, Griffith B Perkins2, Urmila Anandh3

  • 1Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.

Seminars in Nephrology
|January 10, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely impacts kidney health, especially in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and transplant recipients. This review details COVID-19

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has caused a global pandemic with lasting health consequences.
  • Immunocompromised individuals, including kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients, face poorer outcomes, impaired vaccine response, and prolonged infections.
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases susceptibility to COVID-19, hospital admission risk, and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on kidney health.
  • To examine the effects on patients with CKD, including those on kidney replacement therapy.
  • To discuss COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (AKI).

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing scientific literature and evidence.
  • It synthesizes data on COVID-19's effects on kidney function and patient outcomes.
  • The review covers impacts on CKD patients and COVID-19-related AKI.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) via direct and indirect mechanisms.
  • While the incidence of COVID-19 AKI is decreasing, it remains linked to adverse outcomes.
  • Long-term effects include a continued decline in kidney function months post-infection.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses significant risks to kidney health, particularly for individuals with pre-existing CKD.
  • The virus can cause both acute and chronic kidney damage.
  • Continued research is needed to understand and mitigate the long-term renal consequences of COVID-19.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryCOVID-19chronic kidney diseasedialysistransplantvaccination

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