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Congenital Muscular Torticollis-Current Understanding and Perinatal Risk Factors: A Retrospective Analysis.
Janusz Płomiński1,2, Jolanta Olesińska3,4, Anna Malwina Kamelska-Sadowska5,6
1Prof. Adam Gruca Independent Public Clinical Hospital CMKP, 05-400 Otwock, Poland.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 11, 2024
Summary
Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is more prevalent in male infants and those born to first-time mothers. Vaginal delivery is associated with left-sided CMT and increased sternocleidomastoid muscle thickening.
Area of Science:
- Paediatric Rehabilitation
- Neonatal Development
- Musculoskeletal Disorders
Background:
- Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a common neonatal condition characterized by sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle imbalance.
- It presents as asymmetrical head positioning and can be linked to perinatal trauma or developmental factors.
- Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for optimal outcomes, with surgery reserved for persistent cases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors and assess demographic/clinical characteristics of infants with CMT.
- To analyze associations between CMT presentation and delivery type, birth weight, and maternal factors.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 111 infants (0-5 months) diagnosed with CMT in Poland.
- Examined correlations between CMT side, delivery method (vaginal vs. C-section), birth weight, SCM thickening, and birth order.
Main Results:
- CMT was more common in males (54%) with higher birth weights (p < 0.05).
- Seventy-six percent of infants were born to primiparous mothers.
- Vaginal delivery was linked to left-sided CMT and greater SCM thickening on ultrasound.
Conclusions:
- Male infants and offspring of primiparous mothers represent a higher-risk group for CMT.
- Vaginal delivery may be associated with specific CMT presentations, warranting further investigation.
- Further research is needed to refine understanding and management of CMT pathophysiology.
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