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Nondestructive and Rapid Screening of Aflatoxin-Contaminated Single Peanut Kernels Using Field-Portable Spectroscopy

Siyu Yao1, Gonzalo Miyagusuku-Cruzado2, Megan West3

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.

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|January 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Portable vibrational spectroscopy can rapidly identify aflatoxin-contaminated peanuts without destruction. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy achieved 100% accuracy in detecting aflatoxins, ensuring food safety and reducing costs.

Keywords:
FT-IRRamanaflatoxinchemometricsfield-portable instrumentsfood safety control

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by *Aspergillus* fungi, posing a significant threat to food safety and human health.
  • Contaminated peanuts are a major route for aflatoxin exposure, necessitating rapid and reliable detection methods.
  • Current detection methods are often destructive, time-consuming, or require specialized laboratory equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a nondestructive, rapid classification approach for identifying aflatoxin-contaminated peanut kernels.
  • To compare the efficacy of field-portable Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy for aflatoxin detection.
  • To assess the potential of vibrational spectroscopy for *in situ* aflatoxin monitoring in peanuts.

Main Methods:

  • Peanut kernels were artificially contaminated with aflatoxins (30–400 ppb) or hexane (control).
  • Spectra were acquired using portable FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy instruments.
  • Soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA) was employed for supervised classification.
  • Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (uHPLC-MS/MS) was used for verifying aflatoxin spiking levels.

Main Results:

  • FT-IR spectroscopy, combined with SIMCA, achieved 100% accuracy in classifying aflatoxin-contaminated and control peanut kernels.
  • The FT-IR method demonstrated superior discrimination compared to Raman spectroscopy.
  • Key spectral features associated with aflatoxin C=C ring structures were identified as significant discriminators.
  • The developed portable FT-IR method outperformed existing destructive vibrational spectroscopy techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Field-portable FT-IR spectroscopy offers a highly accurate, rapid, and nondestructive method for detecting aflatoxins in single peanut kernels.
  • This technology enables *in situ* identification, supporting regulatory compliance and cost savings in peanut production.
  • Vibrational spectroscopy presents a promising tool for real-time food safety monitoring.