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Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
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Hedgehog Signaling in Cortical Development.

Eva Cai1, Maximiliano Gonzalez Barba1, Xuecai Ge1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95340, USA.

Cells
|January 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is vital for embryonic brain development, regulating cell growth and tissue formation. Dysregulation can cause defects, but Hh signaling may also drive neocortex evolution.

Keywords:
Hedgehog signalingbrain gyrificationcortical developmentknockout mouse modelneocortexneural patterningneurogenesisradial glial cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for embryonic development, controlling tissue organization and cell proliferation.
  • Aberrant Hh signaling is linked to congenital brain malformations.
  • Understanding Hh pathway regulation is critical for comprehending normal and abnormal brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of the Hh signaling pathway in mammalian neocortex development.
  • To elucidate Hh signaling's impact on neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal production.
  • To explore Hh pathway involvement in neural tube development and potential evolutionary roles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic mouse models targeting key Hh pathway components (Shh, Ptch1, Smo, Sufu, Gli factors).
  • Analysis of studies on neural tube defects to understand Hh signaling mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of findings related to brain gyrification and GABAergic interneuron production.

Main Results:

  • Genetic models reveal Hh pathway components' critical roles in forebrain development.
  • Hh signaling influences neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  • Elevated Hh signaling is hypothesized to contribute to brain gyrification.
  • Extended Hh signaling may explain dorsal GABAergic interneuron production in humans.

Conclusions:

  • Hh signaling acts as both a morphogenic and mitogenic factor in forebrain development.
  • The Hh pathway is implicated in the evolutionary expansion and complexity of the neocortex.
  • Further research into Hh signaling could offer insights into developmental disorders and evolution.