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TAMs and PD-1 Networking in Gastric Cancer: A Review of the Literature
Melina Yerolatsite1,2, Nanteznta Torounidou1,2, Aristeidis Gogadis1,2
1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
Background:
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and aggressive types of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have proven effective in treating various types of cancer. The use of ICIs in GC patients is currently an area of ongoing research. The tumor microenvironment (TME) also seems to play a crucial role in cancer progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant population in the TME. TAMs are capable of displaying programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on their surface and can form a ligand with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is found on the surface of cancer cells. Therefore, it is expected that TAMs may significantly influence the immune response related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Aim Of The Study:
Understanding the role of TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1 networking in GC.
Methods:
A systematic review of published data was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane databases. We retrieved articles investigating the co-existence of TAMs and PD-1 in GC and the prognosis of patients expressing high levels of PD-1+ TAMs.
Results:
Ten articles with a total of 2277 patients were included in the systematic review. The examined data suggest that the expression of PD-L1 has a positive correlation with the infiltration of TAMs and that patients who express high levels of PD-1+ TAMs may have a worse prognosis than those who express low levels of PD-1+ TAMs.
Conclusions:
TAMs play a pivotal role in the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 networking and the progression of GC cells. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to better define the role of TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1 networking in GC.
Insights
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) expressing PD-1 influence gastric cancer (GC) progression and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response. High PD-1+ TAM levels correlate with worse GC prognosis, highlighting their role in PD-1/PD-L1 signaling.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive malignancy.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show efficacy in various cancers.
- The tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), influences GC progression and ICI response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the role of TAMs in gastric cancer.
- To understand the PD-1/PD-L1 network within the GC TME.
- To assess the prognostic significance of PD-1+ TAMs in GC patients.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of published literature.
- Searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane databases.
- Included studies investigating TAMs, PD-1, and PD-L1 co-expression in GC and patient prognosis.
Main Results:
- Ten studies with 2277 patients were analyzed.
- PD-L1 expression positively correlates with TAM infiltration in GC.
- High PD-1+ TAM levels are associated with a poorer prognosis in GC patients.
Conclusions:
- TAMs are crucial in regulating PD-1/PD-L1 signaling in GC.
- TAMs significantly impact GC cell progression.
- Further research is required to fully define the role of TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in GC.
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