Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Ophthalmology: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Physiology
• Hyperbaric Medicine

Background:

• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has a 50-year history in treating conditions like decompression sickness and aiding wound healing.
• Emerging evidence suggests HBOT has potential benefits for vision-threatening ophthalmic diseases, including retinal vascular occlusions, diabetic macular edema, and optic neuropathies.
• Despite promising outcomes, HBOT is not yet approved by regulatory bodies for these ophthalmological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical efficacy and current indications for HBOT in ophthalmology.
• To explore the physiological underpinnings of choroidal circulation and metabolism relevant to HBOT.
• To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HBOT as an intervention for various eye disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of HBOT applications in ophthalmology.
• Analysis of physiological principles of choroidal circulation and metabolism.
• Presentation of case reports demonstrating successful HBOT implementation.
• Discussion of patient selection criteria and clinical considerations.

Main Results:

• HBOT demonstrates theoretical effectiveness for several ophthalmological conditions.
• Case reports indicate successful outcomes in treating specific eye diseases with HBOT.
• The review outlines key physiological and clinical factors for patient selection.
• Potential benefits and limitations of HBOT in ophthalmology are identified.

Conclusions:

• HBOT presents a promising therapeutic option for specific vision-threatening eye conditions.
• Further research and regulatory evaluation are necessary to establish HBOT as a standard treatment in ophthalmology.
• Understanding the physiology of ocular tissues is crucial for optimizing HBOT protocols and patient selection.