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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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G-Quadruplexes in Human Telomere: Structures, Properties, and Applications.

Yan Xu1, Makoto Komiyama2

  • 1Division of Chemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

G-quadruplexes are DNA and RNA structures crucial for human telomeres. This review details their structures, chemical probing, and therapeutic targeting, highlighting future research challenges.

Keywords:
DNA G-quadruplexDNA:RNA hybrid G-quadruplexRNA G-quadruplex

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • G-quadruplexes are four-stranded nucleic acid structures formed by guanine bases.
  • These structures are vital in human telomeres and exhibit diverse forms, including DNA:RNA hybrids.
  • Understanding G-quadruplexes is key to comprehending telomere function and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes in human telomeres.
  • To detail the structural features and chemical probing methods for these G-quadruplexes.
  • To explore the therapeutic applications of G-quadruplexes targeting human telomeres.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on G-quadruplexes.
  • Analysis of structural data and chemical probing techniques.
  • Exploration of G-quadruplex-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress in understanding the structural intricacies of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes.
  • Overview of advanced chemical methods for probing G-quadruplex structures.
  • Identification of G-quadruplexes as promising targets for telomere-based therapies.

Conclusions:

  • G-quadruplexes are critical players in human telomere biology.
  • Advanced chemical and structural insights are emerging for these structures.
  • Targeting G-quadruplexes holds significant therapeutic potential for telomere-related diseases.