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Biomarkers in Cancer Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis
Sreyashi Das1, Mohan Kumar Dey1, Ram Devireddy1
1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 11, 2024
Summary
Biomarkers are crucial for early disease detection and personalized medicine. This review covers diverse cancer biomarkers, including imaging, blood, cell, tissue, and genetic types, aiding diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Oncology
- Diagnostic Medicine
Background:
- Biomarkers are essential for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies.
- Objective indicators provided by biomarkers facilitate early detection, intervention, and improved patient outcomes.
- Biomarkers are integral to monitoring disease progression, guiding treatment adjustments, and identifying recurrence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review various biomarkers applicable for cancer detection and diagnosis.
- To highlight the role of biomarkers in enhancing drug development and clinical trials.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of current biomarker technologies in oncology.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cancer biomarkers.
- Categorization of biomarkers based on diagnostic modality (imaging, blood, cell, tissue, genetic).
- Inclusion of specific examples such as CT, SPECT, MRI, PET, protein, gene, mRNA, peptide, CTC, IHC, RNAseq, scRNAseq, and spatial transcriptomics.
Main Results:
- Identified a wide array of biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis.
- Detailed various imaging-based diagnostic techniques (CT, SPECT, MRI, PET).
- Summarized blood-based (proteins, genes, mRNA, peptides), cell-based (needle biopsy, CTC), tissue-based (IHC), and genetic-based (RNAseq, scRNAseq, spatial transcriptomics) biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers significantly advance cancer diagnosis, treatment personalization, and drug development.
- The reviewed biomarkers offer diverse approaches for early cancer detection and monitoring.
- Integrating these biomarkers can lead to improved patient management and therapeutic strategies.
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