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Deformation in a Circular Shaft

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution...

Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving

Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving

Designing a solid shaft that transmits power from a motor to a machine tool involves a series of calculations to ensure the shaft can withstand the stresses applied by bending moments and torques. First, calculate the torque exerted on the gear, considering the power transmitted by the shaft and its rotational speed. Following this, compute the tangential forces acting on the gears, which directly relate to the torque and the gear radius.
Next, use bending moment diagrams for the shaft to...

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts

Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts

Consider the elastic torsion formula, which applies to a circular shaft with a consistent cross-section. This formula assumes that the shaft's ends are loaded with rigid plates firmly attached. However, in many cases, torques are applied to the shaft through mechanisms like flange couplings or gears, which are connected by keys inserted into keyways. This application method modifies the stress distribution near the point of torque application, causing it to deviate from the distributions...

Design of Transmission Shafts

Design of Transmission Shafts

The design of a transmission shaft is governed by two primary specifications: the power it transmits and its rotational speed. These parameters guide the selection of the shaft's material and cross-sectional dimensions, ensuring that the material's maximum shearing stress remains within the elastic limit while transmitting the desired power at the given speed. The system's power is intrinsically linked to the applied torque. The torque applied to the shaft can be calculated by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Using Digital Image Correlation to Characterize Local Strains on Vascular Tissue Specimens

Using Digital Image Correlation to Characterize Local Strains on Vascular Tissue Specimens

Published on: January 24, 2016

A Method for Measuring Shaft Diameter Based on Light Stripe Image Enhancement.

Chunfeng Li^1,2, Xiping Xu¹, Siyuan Liu³

¹College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 11, 2024

Summary

This study introduces a new method for precisely measuring shaft diameter using enhanced stripe images. The technique improves accuracy sixfold compared to traditional methods, especially for reflective surfaces.

Keywords:

image enhancement line structured light machine vision shaft diameter measurement

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Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

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Area of Science:

Metrology
Optical Measurement
Image Processing

Background:

High reflectivity surfaces pose challenges for non-contact visual measurement accuracy.
Existing methods struggle with poor image quality, leading to measurement errors.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-precision shaft diameter measurement method for reflective workpieces.
To enhance image quality and measurement accuracy using dual-exposure stripe imaging.

Main Methods:

Capturing two stripe images with different exposure times for grayscale correction.
Applying ellipse fitting to derive shaft diameter from corrected images.
Averaging measurements from multiple positions and angles to reduce shape error.

Main Results:

The proposed method achieved an average error of 11 μm compared to a coordinate measuring machine (CMM).
Measurement accuracy was improved six times over unprocessed stripe images.
Root mean squared error was 10.98 μm, demonstrating high precision.

Conclusions:

The enhanced stripe image method significantly improves shaft diameter measurement accuracy for reflective surfaces.
Dual-exposure imaging and averaging techniques enhance robustness and reduce errors.
This method offers a reliable solution for precision metrology in challenging industrial applications.