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Long COVID: Molecular Mechanisms and Detection Techniques.

Adela Constantinescu-Bercu¹, Andrei Lobiuc¹, Olga Adriana Căliman-Sturdza^1,2

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|January 11, 2024

Summary

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), involves complex molecular mechanisms like viral persistence and immune dysregulation. Further research is crucial for developing effective treatments for this emerging health concern.

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2 gene expression immunity inflammation sequencing

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Pathophysiology

Background:

Long COVID (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection) is a significant post-pandemic health issue.
Understanding its complex molecular underpinnings is critical for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key symptoms of Long COVID.
To explore associated molecular mechanisms.
To discuss molecular techniques for studying host-pathogen interactions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current research on Long COVID.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms including viral persistence, immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and neurological involvement.
Overview of molecular techniques for pathogen and host interaction studies.

Main Results:

Long COVID presents with diverse symptoms linked to intricate molecular pathways.
Viral persistence, immune system dysregulation, and endothelial/neurological issues are key factors.
Advanced molecular techniques are vital for unraveling these complex interactions.

Conclusions:

Long COVID pathogenesis is multifactorial, requiring deeper molecular investigation.
Targeted therapies depend on elucidating these complex host-pathogen interactions.
Continued research using advanced molecular tools is essential.