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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
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RNA Pol II Assembly Affects ncRNA Expression.

Ana I Garrido-Godino1, Ishaan Gupta2, Vicent Pelechano3

  • 1Departamento de Biología Experimental-Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas, s/n, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Impaired RNA polymerase II assembly reduces cryptic non-coding RNA synthesis, with effects partially dependent on the nuclear exosome and potentially involving Rtr1 in transcription termination.

Keywords:
CUTsNNS terminationRNA polymerasesRNA polymerases assemblyRtr1 CTD phosphataseSUTsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeexosomencRNAstranscription

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • RNA polymerase II (pol II) assembly occurs in the cytoplasm prior to nuclear translocation.
  • Pol II assembly impacts both mRNA transcription and decay, but its role in non-coding RNA (ncRNA) synthesis is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consequences of impaired RNA pol II assembly on ncRNA synthesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying changes in ncRNA levels upon altered pol II assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of RNA pol II assembly.
  • Quantification of various ncRNA species (CUTs, SUTs).
  • Assessment of nuclear exosome dependency and transcription termination fidelity.

Main Results:

  • Impaired RNA pol II assembly significantly decreases cryptic non-coding RNAs, particularly CUTs and SUTs.
  • The reduction in ncRNAs is only partially dependent on the nuclear exosome, indicating a direct role for assembly.
  • Defects in transcription termination were observed, suggesting a potential role for CTD phosphatase Rtr1.

Conclusions:

  • RNA pol II assembly is crucial for the efficient synthesis of specific cryptic ncRNAs.
  • The observed ncRNA reduction is largely independent of the nuclear exosome, highlighting the significance of the assembly process itself.
  • Rtr1 may play a role in RNA pol II transcription termination, impacting ncRNA production.