Cardiovascular Events After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Incidence and Risk Factors.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Hematology
• Transplantation Medicine

Background:

• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving procedure.
• HSCT is associated with significant cardiovascular (CV) complications.
• Understanding these CV risks is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the incidence of short-term and long-term CV events after HSCT.
• To identify risk factors for CV complications in adult HSCT recipients.
• To characterize CV outcomes in a contemporary HSCT cohort.

Main Methods:

• A multicenter observational study was conducted.
• Adult patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic HSCT (2008-2019) were included.
• CV outcomes (death, MI, HF, AFib, stroke, VT) were tracked short-term (≤100 days) and long-term (>100 days).

Main Results:

• The 100-day and 5-year cumulative incidences of CV events were 4.1% and 13.9% respectively in 3,354 patients.
• Atrial fibrillation/flutter and heart failure were the most frequent CV events.
• Allogeneic recipients had a higher incidence of long-term CV events (16.4%) versus autologous recipients (12.1%).
• Pre-existing CV comorbidities increased the risk of long-term CV events.

Conclusions:

• Short-term CV event incidence post-HSCT is low.
• Long-term CV events are more prevalent in allogeneic HSCT recipients.
• Pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities are significant risk factors for long-term CV events after HSCT.