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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

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Corneal Epithelial Thickness Mapping: A Major Review.

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Epithelial thickness mapping (ETM) using advanced imaging like OCT and ultrasound provides crucial insights into corneal health and disease. This review synthesizes ETM data across various conditions and surgical scenarios.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The corneal epithelium (CE) is vital for corneal integrity, exhibiting plasticity and compensatory mechanisms.
  • Quantitative imaging, specifically epithelial thickness mapping (ETM), has advanced the characterization of CE remodeling patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and synthesize available data on epithelial thickness mapping (ETM).
  • To compare different ETM technologies and discuss their applications in normal and pathological corneas, as well as surgical contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies utilizing very high-frequency ultrasound (VHF-US) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for ETM.
  • Exclusion of studies with manual corneal epithelial thickness (CET) measurements.
  • Analysis of normative data and ETM in various corneal diseases and surgical scenarios.

Main Results:

  • ETM provides detailed insights into CE remodeling in normal eyes, systemic diseases, and post-surgical states.
  • Normative CET data and influencing factors (gender, age, diurnal variation, IOP) are discussed.
  • ETM alterations are reviewed in conditions like keratoconus, dystrophies, infections, and post-refractive surgery.

Conclusions:

  • ETM is a valuable tool for understanding corneal physiology and pathology.
  • ETM has significant potential in guiding refractive surgery planning and assessing outcomes.
  • ETM alterations are relevant in various ocular surface diseases and systemic conditions affecting the eye.