Oncofertility and Pregnancy in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancers: Physicians' Knowledge and Preferences in India

The treatment outcomes of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers have improved with advanced oncology care. Hence, fertility preservation (FP) and post-therapy pregnancies (PTPs) become vital issues.

An online survey link with 17 questions regarding oncofertility and PTPs was circulated among oncologists to assess the knowledge, understand the oncofertility care patterns, and seek suggestions to improve oncofertility services.

The median age of 179 respondents, predominantly medical oncologists (68.7%), was 37 years (IQR, 10; range, 29-74), working in academic centers (39%) having a median experience of 4 years (IQR, 4; range, 1-42); 23 (12.8%) had dedicated AYA cancer units. Although a quarter (19%-24%) of respondents discussed fertility issues in >90% of AYA patients with cancer, only a tenth (8%-11%) refer >90% for FP, with significantly higher (P < .05) discussions and referrals in males and by more experienced oncologists (P < .05). Forty-six (25.6%) were not well versed with international guidelines for FP. Most (122, 68.1%) oncologists knew about the referral path for semen cryopreservation; however, only 46% were knowledgeable about additional complex procedures. One hundred and ten (61.5%) oncologists never or rarely altered the systemic treatment for FP. Prominent barriers to FP were ignorance, lack of collaboration, and fear of delaying cancer treatment. Lead thrust areas identified to improve FP practices are education, and enhanced and affordable access to FP facilities. Seventy-four (41.3%) respondents knew about international guidelines for PTPs; however, only half (20%) of them often monitored fertility outcomes in survivors. Oncologists have conflicting opinions and uncertainties regarding pregnancy safety, assisted reproductive techniques, breastfeeding, and pregnancy outcomes among survivors.

Oncologists are uncertain about the guidelines, FP practices, referral pathways, and PTPs. Multipronged approaches to improve awareness and provision for affordable oncofertility facilities are needed to enhance AYA cancer outcomes in India, which will be applicable to other low- and middle-income countries too.