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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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[Global environmental changes and the epithelial barrier hypothesis].

Nicole Engelbert1,2, Robin Rohayem1,2, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann3,4,5

  • 1Lehrstuhl für Umweltmedizin - Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Augsburg, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland.

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)
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PubMed
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Environmental pollution damages epithelial barriers, contributing to noncommunicable diseases. New strategies targeting pollution and chemical exposure are needed for prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
Environmental pollutionEpithelial barrier hypothesisExposomeNeurodermatitisPlanetary health

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology
  • Toxicology

Context:

  • Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing globally, linked to environmental factors.
  • Epithelial barrier damage is associated with various diseases.
  • The epithelial barrier hypothesis provides a framework for understanding these links.

Purpose:

  • To review the health effects of environmental pollution through the lens of the epithelial barrier hypothesis.
  • To describe mechanisms of epithelial barrier damage.
  • To discuss preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Summary:

  • Environmental pollutants like particulate matter and detergents can damage skin, lung, and gut epithelial barriers.
  • Damage allows microorganisms to penetrate epithelia, initiating immune responses and potentially contributing to diseases like atopic conditions.
  • The epithelial barrier hypothesis suggests a pathway from environmental exposure to disease.

Impact:

  • Understanding epithelial barrier function is crucial for developing new therapies and prevention strategies for environmentally linked diseases.
  • Addressing environmental pollution, chemical regulation, and climate change is essential for public health.
  • This research highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches to combat the growing burden of NCDs.