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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

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During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Sperm Transport01:15

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The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
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Testes: Histology01:27

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A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
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The male reproductive system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to produce and transport sperm. The epididymis, vasa deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra are the accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation. These ducts play a critical role in the production and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects
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Semen microbiota are dramatically altered in men with abnormal sperm parameters.

Vadim Osadchiy1, Andre Belarmino1, Reza Kianian1

  • 1Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Ueberroth #3361, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

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The semen microbiome is linked to abnormal sperm parameters. Increased Lactobacillus iners abundance correlates with poor sperm motility, while specific Pseudomonas species are associated with altered sperm concentration, potentially impacting male fertility.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Microbiome Research
  • Andrology

Background:

  • The human microbiome's role in health and disease is increasingly recognized.
  • The etiology of abnormal semen analysis (SA) parameters remains unidentified in 30% of cases.
  • Investigating the semen microbiome may elucidate causes of impaired sperm parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between the semen microbiome and alterations in sperm parameters.
  • To identify specific microbial signatures associated with abnormal sperm motility and concentration.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited men for fertility evaluation or vasectomy consultation.
  • Performed semen analysis (SA) and next-generation sequencing for microbiome profiling.
  • Utilized Analysis of Composition of Microbiota with Bias Correction (ANCOM-BC) and canonical correlational analysis.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal sperm motility was associated with higher abundance of Lactobacillus iners (9.4% vs 2.6%, p=0.046).
  • Abnormal sperm concentration correlated with increased Pseudomonas stutzeri (2.1% vs 1.0%, p=0.024) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.9% vs 0.7%, p=0.010).
  • Lower abundance of Pseudomonas putida was observed in men with abnormal sperm concentration (0.5% vs 0.8%, p=0.020).

Conclusions:

  • Specific microorganisms, notably Lactobacillus iners and Pseudomonas species, may critically influence semen analysis parameters.
  • Findings suggest potential microbial targets for improving male fertility.
  • Further research into the semen microbiome could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.