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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis
Published on: June 14, 2019
Population-based analysis of the human development index and risk factors for head and neck cancer
I-An Chien1, Yi-Chiung Hsu2,3, Chung-Hsin Tsai4
1Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background:
We aimed to investigate global variations in incidence and mortality and their associations to possible risk factors for prompt cancer prevention and control.
Methods:
Estimates of incidence and mortality rates for six types of head and neck cancer were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database. Summary exposure values for level-two risk factors were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease. Regression models adjusting for the human development index (HDI) were constructed to analyze correlations between age-standardized rates and risk factors.
Results:
The incidence rates of multiple types of head and neck cancer were positively associated with HDI tiers. In addition to tobacco use and alcohol consumption, high systolic blood pressure was associated with the incidence and mortality of cancers of the salivary glands, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Dietary risks were linked to cancers of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and hypopharynx.
Conclusions:
This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into possible risk factors for head and neck cancer.
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