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Hot carbonates deep within the Chicxulub impact structure.

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Summary

Carbonate clumped-isotope thermometry reveals high temperatures within the Chicxulub impact structure, challenging models of CO2 release during the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.

Keywords:
Chicxulubback-reactionclumped isotopesdecarbonationimpactites

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Isotope Geochemistry
  • Planetary Science

Background:

  • Hypervelocity impacts create transient thermal regimes, making thermodynamic condition analysis challenging.
  • The Chicxulub impact structure provides a unique natural laboratory for studying impact processes and their effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct absolute temperatures of impact lithologies in the Chicxulub crater using carbonate clumped-isotope thermometry.
  • To investigate the thermal history and processes within the Chicxulub impact structure.
  • To assess the climatic implications of impact-generated CO2 release for the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction.

Main Methods:

  • Stable isotope analysis (δ18O, δ13C) and clumped-isotope analysis (Δ47) on carbonate-bearing impact breccias, impact melt rock, and target lithologies.
  • Utilizing four drill cores across a transect of the Chicxulub structure.
  • Applying clumped-isotope thermometry (T(Δ47)) to determine formation temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Clumped isotope temperatures (T(Δ47)) were consistently higher than Late Cretaceous sea surface temperatures, except in specific Paleogene limestones and melt-poor breccias.
  • Melt-rich impact breccias yielded T(Δ47) of 111 ± 10°C, indicating thermal processing during ejection.
  • Temperatures up to 327 ± 33°C were determined for lower suevite and impact melt rock, linked to decarbonation and back-reaction processes.

Conclusions:

  • High temperatures within the Chicxulub impact structure were recorded, particularly in melt-rich units and impact melt rock.
  • Observed decarbonation and back-reaction processes suggest complex thermal and chemical interactions post-impact.
  • These findings suggest current numerical models may overestimate CO2 release from the Chicxulub impact, with implications for understanding the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event.