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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

171
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

430
Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining.
430
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

442
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
442
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

592
Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
592
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

438
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
438
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

661
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
661

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Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Pemphigus: trigger and predisposing factors.

Francesco Moro1,2, Jo Linda Maria Sinagra1,2, Adele Salemme1

  • 1Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Frontiers in Medicine
|January 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pemphigus, an autoimmune blistering disease, is triggered by various factors in predisposed individuals. Understanding these triggers, like drugs and infections, is crucial for managing this severe condition.

Keywords:
autoimmune bullous diseaseetiopathogenesispemphigus foliaceouspemphigus vulgarispredisposing factorstrigger factors

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Pemphigus is a severe autoimmune blistering disease impacting skin and mucous membranes.
  • Its exact cause is unknown, but autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3 are implicated.
  • Environmental and genetic factors are suspected to precipitate the disease in susceptible individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss known trigger and predisposing factors for pemphigus.
  • To highlight potential environmental influences on pemphigus onset and exacerbation.
  • To explore the interplay between external factors and genetic susceptibility in pemphigus pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported pemphigus trigger and predisposing factors.
  • Analysis of potential roles for drugs, vaccines, infections, diet, and lifestyle.
  • Discussion of genetic susceptibility and comorbid conditions.

Main Results:

  • Identified key trigger factors including drug intake (thiol/phenol compounds), vaccines, infections, pregnancy, radiation, stress, pesticides, and trauma.
  • Highlighted dietary factors (thiol, phenol, tannin compounds) as potential contributors.
  • Discussed predisposing factors like genetic susceptibility, thyroid disease, malignancies, and other autoimmune disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Pemphigus onset is multifactorial, involving a combination of trigger factors and individual predisposition.
  • Further prospective studies are essential to identify novel factors and elucidate pemphigus pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these factors is critical for advancing pemphigus research and patient management.