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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

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Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Does Not Exclude Polycythemia Vera: A Case Report.

Mohammad S Afana1, Mohammad Abu-Tineh1, Awni Alshurafa1

  • 1Hematology Section, Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Case Reports in Oncology
|January 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Polycythemia vera (PV) can be challenging to diagnose, especially when masked by conditions like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Early JAK2 and EPO testing is crucial for accurate PV diagnosis in at-risk patients.

Keywords:
Janus Kinase 2 mutationMyeloproliferative neoplasmPolycythemia veraSecondary polycythemiaSleep apnea

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) diagnosed by WHO 2016 criteria.
  • Diagnosis requires specific hemoglobin/hematocrit levels, bone marrow findings, and JAK2 mutation or EPO levels.
  • Secondary causes of erythrocytosis, such as smoking or OSA, can complicate PV diagnosis.

Observation:

  • A 55-year-old morbidly obese male with OSA on CPAP was incidentally found to have polycythemia.
  • This case highlights a potential diagnostic challenge in patients with co-existing conditions.

Findings:

  • The patient's polycythemia was confirmed to be PV upon further evaluation.
  • This suggests PV can be present even when secondary causes are suspected.

Implications:

  • PV diagnosis can be masked by assuming secondary polycythemia based on patient history.
  • Screening patients with risk factors for secondary erythrocytosis using JAK2 and EPO testing is vital to avoid missed PV diagnoses.
  • Timely diagnosis of PV is essential for appropriate management and patient outcomes.