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Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies
Published on: August 29, 2017
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Humoral immune escape by current SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.2.86 and JN.1, December 2023
Lara M Jeworowski1,2, Barbara Mühlemann1,3,2, Felix Walper1
1Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Summary
New SARS-CoV-2 variants JN.1 and BA.2.86 show immune escape. While neutralization escape is evident, it may not fully explain the rapid rise of JN.1 globally.
Area of Science:
- Virology and Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The emergence and global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, including BA.2.86 and its descendant JN.1, necessitate ongoing monitoring of their immune evasion properties.
- Understanding the neutralization capacity of sera from vaccinated and previously infected individuals against these evolving variants is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the neutralization activity of sera from September 2023 against live SARS-CoV-2 variants, including JN.1, BA.2.86, EG.5, and XBB.1.5.
- To determine if specific variants like JN.1 and BA.2.86 exhibit pronounced immune escape compared to other circulating strains.
Main Methods:
- Isolation of live SARS-CoV-2 variants: JN.1, BA.2.86, EG.5, XBB.1.5, and earlier strains.
- Live virus neutralization assays using sera collected in September 2023 from 39 healthy vaccinated and exposed individuals.
- Comparative analysis of neutralization escape across different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Main Results:
- Sera demonstrated clear neutralization escape against recent SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- No specific pronounced neutralization escape was observed for the BA.2.86 or JN.1 variants compared to other recent variants.
- Observed neutralization escape correlates with recent variant predominance but might not be the sole driver of the JN.1 upsurge.
Conclusions:
- Immune escape is a characteristic feature of currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
- While JN.1 and BA.2.86 exhibit neutralization escape, their specific escape is not markedly greater than other contemporary variants.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the factors contributing to the rapid incidence increase of the JN.1 variant.
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