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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Amorphization Activated Multimetallic Pd Alloys for Boosting Oxygen Reduction Catalysis.

Zhiyong Yu1, Yuwen Chen2, Jing Xia3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Nano Letters
|January 12, 2024
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Summary

Researchers developed a universal method to create amorphous palladium (Pd)-based nanomaterials using phosphorus (P). These novel materials show enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability, outperforming crystalline versions.

Keywords:
AlkalineAmorphizationMultimetallicOxygen reduction reactionPalladium

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Amorphous nanomaterials offer unique properties but synthesizing them, especially for noble metals like palladium, is challenging.
  • Noble metal-based nanomaterials are crucial for various catalytic applications, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a universal strategy for synthesizing amorphous palladium-based nanomaterials.
  • To investigate the catalytic performance, specifically ORR activity and durability, of these novel amorphous materials compared to their crystalline counterparts.

Main Methods:

  • A universal synthesis strategy involving the introduction of phosphorus (P) was employed to create amorphous palladium-based nanomaterials.
  • The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability of the synthesized amorphous nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated.
  • Experimental and theoretical analyses were conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The introduction of phosphorus (P) enabled the synthesis of amorphous Pd-based nanomaterials, ranging from unary to quinary compositions.
  • Amorphous Pd-based NPs demonstrated significantly enhanced ORR activity and durability compared to crystalline Pd NPs.
  • A quinary P-PdCuNiInSn NP formulation achieved a mass activity of 1.04 A mgPd-1 with only 1.8% activity decay, vastly outperforming crystalline Pd NPs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy provides a universal route to amorphous noble metal nanomaterials.
  • Phosphorus-induced amorphization and multimetallic synergy in Pd-based NPs substantially boost ORR performance and stability.
  • The enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to the lowered free energy changes in the rate-determined step facilitated by P-induced amorphization.