Biofilm-producing antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Indian patients: a comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

• Microbial biofilms are a growing threat in healthcare, contributing to persistent and difficult-to-treat infections.
• Biofilms protect bacteria from antibiotics and host immune responses, particularly on indwelling medical devices.
• Antibiotic resistance in biofilm-forming bacteria is a major global health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the prevalence of biofilm-forming bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in Indian patients.
• To identify common bacterial species associated with biofilm formation and resistance.
• To highlight the impact of biofilms on various infection types.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of approximately 30 clinical research reports from PubMed.
• Analysis of studies focusing on biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Indian patient populations.
• Identification of prevalent bacterial species and associated infection types.

Main Results:

• A high prevalence of biofilm formation was observed in bacteria such as Escherichia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas species.
• These bacteria demonstrated significant resistance to common antibiotics prescribed by clinicians.
• Biofilm-associated infections were common in urinary tract, respiratory tract, dental, skin, and implant-associated infections among Indian patients.

Conclusions:

• Biofilm-forming bacteria, particularly Escherichia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas, are prevalent in Indian patients.
• These bacteria exhibit multi-drug resistance, exacerbating healthcare-associated infections.
• The increasing prevalence of biofilm-associated infections necessitates targeted therapeutic strategies.