Nucleon Transversity Distribution in the Continuum and Physical Mass Limit from Lattice QCD

Area of Science:

• Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
• Hadron Physics
• Nuclear Physics

Background:

• The isovector quark transversity distribution is a key component of the proton's structure.
• Understanding nucleon structure requires precise theoretical calculations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To perform a state-of-the-art lattice QCD calculation of the proton's isovector quark transversity distribution.
• To extrapolate results to the continuum and physical mass limit.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) for the calculation.
• Employing lattice QCD with four lattice spacings and varying pion masses.
• Nonperturbative renormalization in a hybrid scheme with self-renormalization.

Main Results:

• A precise determination of the isovector quark transversity distribution of the proton.
• Extrapolation to the continuum, physical mass, and infinite momentum limit.
• Comparison with recent global analyses of nucleon structure.

Conclusions:

• The study provides a robust, first-principles calculation of a crucial nucleon generalized parton distribution.
• Results offer valuable data for constraining phenomenological models and global fits.
• This work advances the understanding of the proton's internal structure from lattice QCD.