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Related Concept Videos

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
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Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

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The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Studying the Cytoskeleton01:17

Studying the Cytoskeleton

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The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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Controling the cytoskeleton during CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis.

Johannes W P Kuiper1, Helena L Gregg1, Meike Schüber1

  • 1Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany.

European Journal of Cell Biology
|January 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

CEACAM3, a fast-evolving human phagocytic receptor, rapidly internalizes pathogens. Its signaling is tightly regulated by phosphatases and GTPase regulators, offering potential to enhance immune cell function.

Keywords:
CEA-related cell adhesion moleculeImmunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifPathogenic bacteriaPhagocytosisRacTyrosine phosphorylation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Cell Biology: Focuses on innate immunity, phagocytosis, and cellular signaling pathways.
  • Evolutionary Biology: Examines the rapid evolution of human proteins and their co-evolution with pathogens.

Background:

  • Phagocytosis is a critical innate immune process mediated by specialized cell surface receptors.
  • CEACAM3, a unique phagocytic receptor on human granulocytes, rapidly recognizes and internalizes human-specific pathogens.
  • CEACAM3 exhibits rapid evolution, suggesting a vital role in human defense mechanisms.

Approach:

  • Reviews the structural and functional adaptations of CEACAM3, including its extracellular ligand-binding domain and intracellular signaling motif.
  • Highlights recent findings on the multi-level regulation of CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis.
  • Discusses the roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases (e.g., PTPRJ) and GTPase regulators (e.g., Cyri-B) in controlling CEACAM3 activity.

Key Points:

  • The extracellular IgV-like domain of CEACAM3 binds bacterial adhesins, while the ITAM-like motif in its cytoplasmic tail triggers actin rearrangements for phagocytosis.
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation and GTPase activity are crucial for CEACAM3 function.
  • Negative regulatory circuits involving PTPRJ and Cyri-B control CEACAM3 signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating the negative regulatory pathways of CEACAM3 can significantly enhance phagocytic capacity.
  • Understanding CEACAM3 regulation provides insights applicable to other phagocytic systems.
  • This research opens avenues for therapeutic strategies to boost professional phagocyte function.