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Low-Temperature Adaptive Single-Atom Iron Nanozymes against Viruses in the Cold Chain
Tao Qin1,2,3, Yulian Chen1, Xinyu Miao1
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, P. R. China.
Abstract:
Outbreaks of viral infectious diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV), pose a great threat to human health. Viral spread is accelerated worldwide by the development of cold chain logistics; Therefore, an effective antiviral approach is required. In this study, it is aimed to develop a distinct antiviral strategy using nanozymes with low-temperature adaptability, suitable for cold chain logistics. Phosphorus (P) atoms are added to the remote counter position of Fe-N-C center to prepare FeN4P2-single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes), exhibiting lipid oxidase (OXD)-like activity at cold chain temperatures (-20, and 4 °C). This feature enables FeN4P2-SAzymes to disrupt multiple enveloped viruses (human, swine, and avian coronaviruses, and H1-H11 subtypes of IAV) by catalyzing lipid peroxidation of the viral lipid envelope. Under the simulated conditions of cold chain logistics, FeN4P2-SAzymes are successfully applied as antiviral coatings on outer packaging and personal protective equipment; Therefore, FeN4P2-SAzymes with low-temperature adaptability and broad-spectrum antiviral properties may serve as key materials for developing specific antiviral approaches to interrupt viral transmission through the cold chain.
Insights
New FeN4P2-single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) show lipid oxidase activity at low temperatures. These SAzymes disrupt enveloped viruses, offering a novel antiviral strategy for cold chain logistics and personal protective equipment.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Virology
Background:
- Viral infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza pose significant global health threats.
- Accelerated viral spread via cold chain logistics necessitates advanced antiviral solutions.
- Existing antiviral strategies may be limited in cold chain environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel antiviral strategy utilizing nanozymes with low-temperature adaptability.
- To create nanozymes effective for cold chain logistics applications.
- To investigate the broad-spectrum antiviral capabilities of engineered nanozymes.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of FeN4P2-single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) by incorporating phosphorus into Fe-N-C centers.
- Evaluation of SAzymes' lipid oxidase-like activity at cold chain temperatures (-20°C and 4°C).
- Testing SAzymes against multiple enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses and influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes.
Main Results:
- FeN4P2-SAzymes demonstrated robust lipid oxidase activity at sub-zero and refrigerated temperatures.
- The nanozymes effectively disrupted the lipid envelope of various enveloped viruses through lipid peroxidation.
- SAzymes were successfully applied as antiviral coatings on packaging and personal protective equipment under simulated cold chain conditions.
Conclusions:
- FeN4P2-SAzymes exhibit low-temperature adaptability and broad-spectrum antiviral properties.
- These SAzymes offer a promising approach to interrupt viral transmission within cold chain logistics.
- The developed nanozymes represent a key material for next-generation antiviral strategies.
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