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Related Concept Videos

Heritability01:06

Heritability

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Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Incomplete Dominance01:43

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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Screening for Functional Non-coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay EMSA and DNA-affinity Precipitation Assay DAPA
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Trans-regulatory variant network contributes to missing heritability.

Vanessa Pereira1, Elena Kuzmin2

  • 1Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.

Cell Genomics
|January 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied gene expression variation in yeast hybrids by analyzing transcriptomes. They identified cis- and trans-regulatory changes contributing to differences in gene activity, offering insights into heritability.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • Gene expression variation is crucial for understanding phenotypic diversity.
  • Identifying the genetic basis of this variation, particularly "missing heritability", remains a challenge.
  • Natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide a valuable model for studying genetic variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contributions of cis- and trans-regulatory changes to gene expression variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae hybrids.
  • To analyze transcriptomic data from a large diallel panel of yeast hybrids.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for understanding heritability.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome analysis of a large diallel panel of Saccharomyces cerevisiae natural isolates.
  • Analysis of gene expression data to identify regulatory differences.
  • Comparison of cis- and trans-regulatory effects on gene expression variation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific cis- and trans-regulatory changes influencing gene expression.
  • Quantification of the relative contributions of cis- and trans-regulation to expression variation.
  • Characterization of regulatory variation in natural yeast populations.

Conclusions:

  • Cis- and trans-regulatory variations play significant roles in shaping gene expression patterns in yeast.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is key to resolving the "missing heritability" problem.
  • This study provides a framework for dissecting regulatory variation in natural populations.