The relation of forearm mineral density to peripheral fractures in postmenopausal women

Forearm bone mineral density was measured in 557 postmenopausal women from whom a history of fractures was also obtained. Known cases of osteoporosis were excluded. The mean age of the subjects was 59 years. Ninety-eight of the subjects had sustained a fracture since the menopause and 37 had done so before the menopause. There had been 188 fractures in all. The mean bone density was significantly lower in the subjects who had experienced a fracture than in those who had not experienced a fracture; this was also true of subjects who had suffered a fracture before the menopause. The lowest bone densities were observed in subjects who had suffered forearm fractures, followed by those who had suffered fractures of the rib, ankle and foot. The mean bone density in subjects with more than one fracture was significantly lower than in those with only one fracture. The difference in bone density between subjects with and without a history of fractures was most significant in the younger subjects and became progressively less significant with age. The estimated relative fracture risk was 3.1 in the group with the lowest bone densities and zero in the group with the highest bone densities.