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Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in paediatric solid tumours.

Aida I Glembocki¹, Gino R Somers²

¹Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

|January 12, 2024

Summary

Biomarkers in paediatric solid tumours improve precision medicine. Understanding prognostic and predictive markers aids in diagnosing tumour aggressiveness and guiding treatment for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Paediatric Wilms tumour biomarker hepatoblastoma neuroblastoma sarcoma

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Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Paediatric Oncology
Molecular Pathology
Precision Medicine

Background:

Biomarker characterisation is crucial for precision medicine in paediatric solid tumours.
Prognostic biomarkers predict tumour aggressiveness, while predictive biomarkers guide treatment selection.
This review focuses on prognostic biomarkers in common paediatric solid tumours and relevant predictive biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarise current prognostic biomarkers for common paediatric solid tumours.
To provide commentary on relevant predictive biomarkers for less common paediatric solid tumours.
To highlight advances in biomarker understanding for improved diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
Analysis of histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular data.
Focus on neuroblastoma, Wilms tumour, hepatoblastoma, and sarcomas.

Main Results:

MYCN amplification is key for neuroblastoma prognosis; Shimada classification remains relevant.
Histology, cytogenetics, and TP53 mutations (anaplasia) are vital for Wilms tumour.
Hepatoblastoma subclasses (C1/C2), CTNNB1, NFE2L2, TERT mutations, and protein expression define prognosis.
Rhabdomyosarcoma prognosis depends on histological and molecular features.

Conclusions:

Biomarker advancements enable more precise diagnoses and risk stratification in paediatric solid tumours.
Improved understanding of biomarkers leads to more effective and less toxic treatments.
Continued research into biomarkers is essential for advancing paediatric cancer care.