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Predictive and prognostic molecular biomarkers in lymphomas
J Bryan Iorgulescu1, L Jeffrey Medeiros1, Keyur P Patel1
1Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Pathology
|January 12, 2024
Summary
Molecular diagnostics are revolutionizing lymphoma care by identifying key genetic biomarkers for classification, prognosis, and targeted therapies. Measurable residual disease monitoring is also becoming crucial for patient management.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Recent molecular diagnostics advances have transformed lymphoma understanding and clinical practice.
- Updated classifications (WHO, ICC, NCCN) integrate molecular insights.
- Molecular biomarkers are key to lymphoma diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review molecular biomarkers in lymphomas with prognostic and predictive utility.
- To highlight emerging biomarkers for clinical application.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of lymphoma molecular pathology.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of molecular biomarkers in lymphoma.
- Focus on diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers.
- Inclusion of emerging biomarkers and measurable residual disease (MRD).
Main Results:
- Identified diagnostic genetic abnormalities (e.g., KMT2A rearrangement in B-ALL).
- Highlighted prognostic markers (e.g., TP53 loss).
- Discussed targetable mutations and resistance mechanisms (e.g., BCR::ABL1 inhibitors and resistance mutations).
- Emphasized the role of molecular MRD in managing lymphoma (e.g., multiple myeloma).
Conclusions:
- Molecular biomarkers are integral to modern lymphoma classification and treatment.
- Prognostic and predictive biomarkers guide therapeutic decisions.
- MRD assessment is increasingly vital for lymphoma patient management.
- This review covers diverse lymphoma types, from precursor to mature B-cell, Hodgkin, and T/NK-cell lymphomas.
