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Evaluating insomnia queries from an artificial intelligence chatbot for patient education
Rahul Alapati1, Daniel Campbell2, Nicole Molin2,3
1Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Summary
ChatGPT can generate clinically accurate patient education on insomnia. Its responses varied in complexity based on prompts, with patient-centered prompts yielding simpler language.
Area of Science:
- Artificial intelligence in medicine
- Medical education technology
- Sleep medicine and digital health
Background:
- The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like ChatGPT into healthcare offers potential for patient education.
- Evaluating the accuracy and suitability of AI-generated medical information is crucial for safe and effective patient engagement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the clinical accuracy of ChatGPT responses to insomnia-related queries for patient education.
- To determine how different prompting strategies (no prompt, patient-centered, physician-centered, with references/statistics) affect ChatGPT's output.
Main Methods:
- Four sets of 20 insomnia queries were input into ChatGPT with distinct prompt contexts.
- Responses were evaluated by sleep medicine experts on clinical accuracy, prompt adherence, referencing, and statistical precision.
- Flesch-Kincaid grade-level analysis was performed to assess readability, with statistical analysis of prompt variations.
Main Results:
- ChatGPT provided clinically accurate responses to insomnia queries, though accuracy and relevance ratings showed low interrater reliability.
- Prompting significantly impacted response complexity, with patient-centered prompts resulting in lower Flesch-Kincaid grade-level scores (8.1) compared to others.
- While 80% of references were valid, only 25% of cited statistics were corroborated.
Conclusions:
- ChatGPT demonstrates potential for generating clinically accurate patient education materials for insomnia.
- Prompt engineering is key to tailoring AI responses for specific educational needs and target audiences.
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