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Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

An Assay for Quantifying Protein-RNA Binding in Bacteria

Published on: June 12, 2019

In Vitro Methods for the Investigation of sRNA-mRNA Interactions in Bacillus subtilis.

Inam Ul Haq¹, Peter Müller¹, Sabine Brantl²

¹Matthias-Schleiden-Institut für Genetik, Bioinformatik und Molekulare Botanik, AG Bakteriengenetik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|January 13, 2024

Summary

This study details in vitro methods for analyzing small RNA (sRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions in Bacillus subtilis. These techniques enable a deeper understanding of gene regulation by sRNAs, expanding the known regulatory networks.

Keywords:

DRaCALA In vitro-RNA synthesis RNA secondary structure probing RNA-RNA and RNA-protein-EMSA

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Microbiology
Genetics

Background:

Limited characterization of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) and their mRNA targets in Bacillus subtilis.
Previous research has identified a small number of trans- and cis-encoded sRNAs and their targets.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe and validate in vitro methods for analyzing sRNA/mRNA interactions in Bacillus subtilis.
To provide a comprehensive toolkit for characterizing sRNA-mediated gene regulation.

Main Methods:

RNA synthesis and purification (labeled and unlabeled).
Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) to determine binding kinetics (k_app, K_d).
Localization of regulatory regions, secondary structure determination, and RNA chaperone analysis.

Main Results:

Successful application of elaborated and improved in vitro methods to Bacillus subtilis systems.
Characterization of several sRNA/target mRNA interactions using the described techniques.
Quantification of binding affinities and identification of key regulatory elements.

Conclusions:

The described in vitro methods are effective for detailed analysis of sRNA/mRNA interactions.
These methods facilitate the expansion of known regulatory networks in Bacillus subtilis.
The study provides a valuable resource for researchers investigating RNA-based gene regulation.