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Published on: April 20, 2018
Molecular pathology in diagnosis and prognostication of head and neck tumors
Alena Skálová1,2, Martina Bradová3,4, Michael Michal3,4
1Sikl's Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, E. Benese 13, 305 99, Pilsen, Czech Republic. skalova@biopticka.cz.
Abstract:
Classification of head and neck tumors has evolved in recent decades including a widespread application of molecular testing in tumors of the salivary glands, sinonasal tract, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and soft tissue. Availability of new molecular techniques allowed for the definition of multiple novel tumor types unique to head and neck sites. Moreover, the expanding spectrum of immunohistochemical markers facilitates a rapid identification of diagnostic molecular abnormalities. As such, it is currently possible for head and neck pathologists to benefit from a molecularly defined classifications, while making diagnoses that are still based largely on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This review highlights some principal molecular alterations in head and neck neoplasms presently available to assist pathologists in the practice of diagnosis, prognostication and prediction of response to treatment.
Insights
Molecular testing is revolutionizing head and neck tumor classification, enabling precise diagnoses and treatment predictions for salivary gland, sinonasal, and other cancers. Pathologists now use these advanced techniques alongside traditional methods for improved patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Head and neck tumor classification has significantly advanced.
- Molecular testing is now widely applied to various head and neck sites.
- Novel tumor types unique to these sites have been identified.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review principal molecular alterations in head and neck neoplasms.
- To highlight how molecularly defined classifications aid pathologists.
- To showcase the role of molecular diagnostics in diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment prediction.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on molecular testing in head and neck pathology.
- Analysis of the impact of new molecular techniques and immunohistochemical markers.
- Integration of molecular findings with traditional histopathology and immunohistochemistry.
Main Results:
- Molecular techniques have defined novel head and neck tumor types.
- Immunohistochemical markers facilitate rapid identification of molecular abnormalities.
- Molecularly defined classifications assist pathologists in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Conclusions:
- Molecularly defined classifications are transforming head and neck pathology.
- Pathologists can leverage molecular alterations for accurate diagnosis and prognostication.
- Molecular insights are crucial for predicting treatment response in head and neck neoplasms.
