Dibenzofurans from nature: Biosynthesis, structural diversity, sources, and bioactivities

Area of Science:

• Natural Product Chemistry
• Phytochemistry
• Organic Chemistry

Background:

• Dibenzofurans are natural products with diverse biological activities.
• Previously, their sources were primarily attributed to lichens and ascomycetes.
• Recent findings indicate widespread distribution in higher plants, particularly Rosaceae and Myrtaceae families.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review dibenzofurans from all known natural sources.
• To categorize and discuss 211 identified dibenzofurans isolated between 1843 and March 2023.
• To explore their biosynthesis, structural diversity, natural origins, and bioactivities.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and data compilation.
• Systematic categorization of identified dibenzofurans.
• Analysis of biosynthesis, structural features, sources, and reported bioactivities.

Main Results:

• A total of 211 dibenzofurans from diverse natural sources (lichens, fungi, higher plants) were identified and reviewed.
• Dibenzofurans are confirmed to be present in higher plants, expanding their known ecological distribution.
• The review covers their biosynthesis, structural variations, specific plant and fungal origins, and documented biological effects.

Conclusions:

• This review provides the first comprehensive overview of dibenzofurans from all natural origins.
• It highlights the significant presence and diversity of dibenzofurans in higher plants, alongside traditional sources.
• The compiled information serves as a valuable resource for understanding dibenzuran chemistry and bioactivity.