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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Protein homeostasis, the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, is vital for cell survival.
  • The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a primary mechanism for maintaining protein homeostasis.
  • Biotic and abiotic stresses disrupt cellular homeostasis in all species, including plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, functions, and regulation of the protein CDC48 in plants.
  • To highlight the emerging roles of CDC48 in plant responses to biotic stress and immunity.
  • To discuss the unique gene expansion of CDC48 in Viridiplantae.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on CDC48 in plants.
  • Analysis of conserved protein structure and gene expansion.
  • Synthesis of data on CDC48 functions, regulation, and immune response involvement.

Main Results:

  • CDC48 possesses a highly conserved structure across species.
  • A unique gene expansion of CDC48 exists exclusively in Viridiplantae.
  • CDC48 exhibits diverse functions and regulatory mechanisms in plants, with emerging roles in biotic stress response.

Conclusions:

  • CDC48 is a critical protein for maintaining plant protein homeostasis.
  • CDC48's role in the plant immune response is significant but requires further elucidation.
  • The unique gene expansion in plants suggests specialized functions for CDC48 in this lineage.