The Effects of Actively Warming the Patient on Maternal and Infant Well-Being in a Cesarean Section Operation

Intraoperative warming is recommended for surgical patients under anesthesia, but there are insufficient studies on this topic in cesarean delivery patients under spinal anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of active warming on the mother and newborn during elective cesarean section.

This research was carried out in an experimental design with a pretest-posttest randomized intervention and control group.

The research was conducted with 34 women (17 intervention and 17 control), who gave birth by cesarean section. The study examined outcomes for both mother and newborn. Women in the intervention group were heated by both active (warmed with carbon fiber resistive underbody heaters during surgery) and passive heating (preoperative- socks, nonelectrified wool blankets, etc). Only passive heating methods were applied to the women in the control group (preoperative). Neonatal Activity - Pulse - Grimace - Appearence - Respiration (APGAR) score, body temperature, cortisol, and blood glucose levels in the intervention and control groups were evaluated, while body temperature and shivering conditions were evaluated in the mother.

Body temperature and first minute APGAR score of the infants in the intervention and control groups after cesarean section were 36.88 ± 0.27, 36.52 ± 0.32 (P = .002); 7.00 ± 0.36, 7.47 ± 0.64 (P = .009), respectively. Cortisol and blood glucose levels in the intervention and control groups were 3.55 ± 1.09, 4.51 ± 0.70 (P = .010), 77.94 ± 7.07, 72.47 ± 10.24 (P > .05), respectively. The body temperatures of the women in the intervention and control groups at 15, 30, and 45 minutes were significantly different (P < .05), while they were similar (P > .05) at 60 minutes. Oxygen saturation measured at 30 minutes during the operation was 97.10 ± 1.41 in the intervention group and 95.20 ± 1.78 in the control group (P < .05).

Active warming before, during, and after cesarean section affected body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation of women, and while it increased the body temperature and APGAR score of newborns, it decreased cortisol level.