Spread analysis of glanders in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil

Brazil is strategic in controlling neglected zoonoses, such as glanders, in its territory. Among the Brazilian states, Piauí is a strategic state for the spread of the disease in the country. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of official cases of glanders in Piauí between 2015 and 2022. The glanders cases were located in the municipalities of the north and central-north mesoregions, mainly in Campo Maior, Teresina and Altos. The highest incidence risk (IR) occurred in of Altos (IR = 257.9), Sussuapara (IR = 158.4), and Teresina (IR = 157.7). A primary cluster was formed with a relative risk of 14.88 between 2019 and 2022, encompassing 34 municipalities in the north and central-north regions. In Piauí, glanders is well localized, with the potential for spread across borders. This is the first study demonstrating the distribution of reported cases of glanders in the state of Piauí.