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Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists through effects on mitochondrial function and

Clara Luna-Marco1, Francesca Iannantuoni2, Alberto Hermo-Argibay3

  • 1INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
|January 14, 2024
PubMed

Insights

New diabetes drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, show cardiovascular benefits by improving metabolism and reducing oxidative stress. Further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms for preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) causes mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, contributing to cardiovascular disease and organ damage.
  • Diabetes complications include coronary artery disease, stroke, and diabetic nephropathy, linked to oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors (iSGLT2) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA).
  • To explore the benefits, limitations, and commonalities of iSGLT2 and GLP-1RA therapies in managing T2D and related cardiovascular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on T2D pathophysiology and the mechanisms of action of iSGLT2 and GLP-1RA.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of these drugs on oxidative stress, mitochondrial homeostasis, and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients.

Main Results:

  • Both iSGLT2 and GLP-1RA improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, offering significant cardiovascular and cardiorenal benefits in T2D patients.
  • These therapies appear to mitigate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function, contributing to their protective effects.

Conclusions:

  • iSGLT2 and GLP-1RA are promising therapeutic targets for preventing obesity, T2D, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Despite demonstrated benefits, a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action for iSGLT2 and GLP-1RA remains incomplete.
Keywords:
DiabetesGLP-1 receptor agonistsHeart diseaseInflammationMitochondriaObesityOxidative stressROSSGLT2 inhibitors

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