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Notes on Halpe paupera Devyatkin, 2002 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae).

Guoxi Xue1, Tingting Zeng2, Yik Fui Philip Lo3

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Genetic analysis confirms Halpe paupera butterfly species, clarifying male morphological variations and synonymizing a subspecies. This research provides insights into butterfly diversity and distribution.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • Halpe paupera, a butterfly species, exhibits variations in wing patterns and male genitalia across different localities.
  • Previous classifications recognized distinct subspecies, such as H. paupera walthewi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To genetically confirm the species status of Halpe paupera using COI gene sequences.
  • To clarify morphological variability within male H. paupera.
  • To resolve the taxonomic status of the subspecies H. paupera walthewi.

Main Methods:

  • DNA sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.
  • Morphological examination and illustration of male genitalia.
  • Comparative analysis of specimens from various locations.

Main Results:

  • COI gene sequence comparison validated the recognition of Halpe paupera.
  • Significant morphological variability was observed and documented in male specimens.
  • The subspecies H. paupera walthewi was found to be synonymous with H. paupera paupera based on intraspecific variation in females from the type locality.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the species identity of Halpe paupera through molecular data.
  • Morphological variability in males is significant but does not warrant separate species status.
  • H. paupera walthewi is synonymized with H. paupera paupera, simplifying the species' taxonomy.