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Model-based and model-free mechanisms in methamphetamine use disorder.

Alex H Robinson1, Justin Mahlberg1, Trevor T-J Chong1

  • 1Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Addiction Biology
|January 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) show deficits in model-free decision-making, impacting their ability to learn from past rewards. These decision-making challenges persist despite treatment, highlighting a core difficulty in goal-oriented behavior for MUD.

Keywords:
decision-makingdependencelongitudinalmethamphetaminemodel-basedmodel-free

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is characterized by difficulties in shifting from habitual to goal-directed behaviors.
  • The model-based/model-free framework provides computational insights into decision-making processes, distinguishing between experience-based (model-free) and goal-directed (model-based) choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in model-based/model-free decision-making between individuals with MUD and controls.
  • To assess the correlation between decision-making mechanisms and MUD symptom severity.
  • To examine potential improvements in decision-making deficits over a six-week treatment period for individuals with MUD.

Main Methods:

  • Participants with MUD and controls completed the Two-Step Task at baseline and after six weeks.
  • Behavioral proxies of model-based/model-free decisions were analyzed using mixed logistic regression.
  • Computational modeling was employed to examine the underlying mechanisms of decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Behaviorally, individuals with MUD were more prone to switch choices after rewards, an effect that improved at follow-up.
  • Computationally, while model-based mechanism use was similar, individuals with MUD showed reduced model-free mechanism engagement and less repetition of rewarded actions.
  • No significant associations were found between decision-making parameters and MUD severity, nor did computational deficits improve significantly over the six-week period.

Conclusions:

  • Decision-making difficulties in MUD are primarily linked to impaired model-free mechanisms, hindering the ability to learn from and repeat previously rewarded choices.
  • These deficits appear persistent and may not significantly improve with short-term treatment, suggesting a need for targeted interventions.
  • Understanding these computational underpinnings is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies for methamphetamine use disorder.