Autistic phenomenology: past, present, and potential future

Area of Science:

• Autism Research
• Phenomenology
• Neurodiversity Studies

Background:

• Autism conceptualization is at a transition point, with phenomenology poised to play a key role.
• Historical perspectives on autism have shifted from early clinical phenomenology to a focus on behavioral phenotypes, largely neglecting subjective experience.
• The rise of the neurodiversity movement and autistic advocacy has spurred renewed interest in subjective experience and phenomenological inquiry.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a historical overview of phenomenological perspectives on autism.
• To review emerging interdisciplinary phenomenological work and autistic lived experiences.
• To advocate for a future of co-constructed, empirical autistic phenomenology.

Main Methods:

• Historical review of phenomenological approaches to autism.
• Analysis of contemporary phenomenological research and autistic literature, including life writing.
• Integration of clinical phenomenology, autistic self-advocacy, and citizen science.

Main Results:

• A historical divergence between clinical phenomenology and behavioral phenotype research in autism.
• A resurgence of interest in subjective autistic experience, driven by neurodiversity and advocacy.
• Identification of the need to integrate diverse perspectives for a richer understanding of autism.

Conclusions:

• Reintegrating subjective experience into autism conceptualization is essential.
• Developing a co-constructed, empirical autistic phenomenology can enhance diagnostic nosology and research.
• This approach promises improved empathy, communication, and support innovations for autistic individuals.